carb {seacarb}R Documentation

Parameters of the seawater carbonate system

Description

Returns parameters of the seawater carbonate system.

Usage

carb(flag = 8, var1 = 8.2, var2 = 2400, S = 35, T = 25, P = 0, k1k2 = "r", 
phflag = 0, ini = "s")

Arguments

flag select the couple of variables to be used, see below, default is 8 that is pH and total alkalinity
The flags which can be used are:
flag = 1 pH and CO2 given
flag = 2 CO2 and HCO3 given
flag = 3 CO2 and CO3 given
flag = 4 CO2 and ALK given
flag = 5 CO2 and DIC given
flag = 6 pH and HCO3 given
flag = 7 pH and CO3 given
flag = 8 pH and ALK given
flag = 9 pH and DIC given
flag = 10 HCO3 and CO3 given
flag = 11 HCO3 and ALK given
flag = 12 HCO3 and DIC given
flag = 13 CO3 and ALK given
flag = 14 CO3 and DIC given
flag = 15 ALK and DIC given
var1 enter value of the first variable in umol/kg except for pH, default is pH = 8.2
var2 enter value of the second variable in umol/kg except for pH, default is total alkalinity = 2400 umol/kg
S Salinity, default is 35
T Temperature in degrees Celsius, default is 20oC
P Hydrostatic pressure in bar (surface = 0), default is 0
k1k2 "r" for using K1 and K2 from Roy et al. and "m" for using K1 and K2 from Mehrbach, default is "r"
phflag The pH scale is either the total scale (0) or the free scale (1), default is 0
ini "s" if the input data are given through the keyboard or "f" if there are provided in a file (see example below), default = s

Details

Note that the results output is also stored in the file carb.out located in your working directory. It is a text file with tab delimiters. This file is created if it does not exist and the results are appended if it is already present in the directory.

Value

S Salinity
T Temperature in degrees Celsius
P Pressure in bar
PH pH
CO2 CO2 concentration (mol/kg)
pCO2 pCO2, CO2 partial pressure (uatm)
fCO2 fCO2, CO2 fugacity (uatm)
HCO3 HCO3 concentration (mol/kg)
CO3 CO3 concentration (mol/kg)
DIC DIC concentration (mol/kg)
ALK ALK, total alkalinity (mol/kg)
Oa Omega aragonite, aragonite saturation state
Oc Omega calcite, calcite saturation state
PhiD PhiD, chemical buffer factor (dpH/d[DIC]); input/output of dissolved CO2 (unit pH per mol/kg)
BetaD BetaD, homogeneous buffer factor (dln(pCO2)/dln[DIC]); input/output of dissolved CO2
PiD PiD, chemical buffer factor (dpCO2/d[DIC]); input/output of dissolved CO2 (uatm per mol/kg)
PhiB PhiB, chemical buffer factor (dpH/d[DIC]); from input/output of bicarbonate (unit pH per mol/kg)
BetaB BetaB, homogeneous buffer factor (dln(pCO2)/dln[DIC]); input/output of bicarbonate
PiB PiB, chemical buffer factor (dpCO2/d[DIC]); input/output of dissolved CO2 (uatm per mol/kg)
PhiC PhiC, chemical buffer factor (dpH/d[DIC]); input/output of carbonate (unit pH per mol/kg)
BetaC BetaC, homogeneous buffer factor (dln(pCO2)/dln[DIC]); input/output of carbonate
PiC PiC, chemical buffer factor (dpCO2/d[DIC]); input/output of carbonate (uatm per mol/kg)
PhiH PhiH, chemical buffer factor (dpH/d[DIC]); input/output of strong acid (unit pH per mol/kg)
PiH PiH, chemical buffer factor (dpCO2/d[DIC]); input/output of strong acid (uatm per mol/kg)

Author(s)

Aurelien Proye and Jean-Pierre Gattuso

References

DOE 1994 Handbook of methods for the analysis of the various parameters of the carbon dioxide system in sea water. ORNL/CDIAC-74. Oak Ridge,Tenn.: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory.

Frankignoulle, M. 1994 A complete set of buffer factors for acid/base CO2 system in seawater. Journal of Marine Systems 5, 111-118.

Zeebe, R. E. and Wolf-Gladrow D. A., 2001 CO2 in seawater: equilibrium, kinetics, isotopes. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 346 pp.

Examples

##Data entry via the keyboard
carb(8, 8.2, 2400, 35, 20, 0) 

The input parameters are pH=8.2, total alkalinity = 2400 umol/kg,
 Salinity = 35, temperature = 20 oC and pressure = 0 bar (that is surface water)

The output is:

Salinity:                35
Temperature:             20 oC
Pressure:                0 bar
pH:                      8.2
CO2:                     8.806348e-06 (mol/kg)
pCO2:                    271.7384 (uatm)
fCO2:                    271.7386 (uatm)
HCO3:                    0.001745663 (mol/kg)
CO3:                     0.0002702233 (mol/kg)
DIC:                     0.002024693 (mol/kg)
ALK:                     0.0024 (mol/kg)
Omega aragonite:         4.198604
Omega calcite:           6.46017
PhiD:                    -1480.407
BetaD:                   8.792809
PiD:                     1.180102
PhiB:                    -169.2848
BetaB:                   1.891109
PiB:                     0.2538098
PhiC:                    1141.838
BetaC:                   -5.010592
PiC:                     -0.6724823
PhiH:                    -1311.123
PiH:                     0.9262921

## Data entry via a file
carb(ini = "f")

The file must be located in your home directory and provide the column names 
(these names MUST match the names listed above) and the data must be separated
by tabs. For example:

flag    PH      ALK     S       T       P
8       8.2     2400    35      20      0
8       8.2     2400    35      20      0



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