calc_sde {aspace} | R Documentation |
This function computes the Standard Deviation Ellipse (SDE) from a set of points. The SDE is a centrographic measure used to characterize the dispersion of point observations along two orthogonal axes. The SDE also captures directional bias in a spatial point pattern, the ellipse will be oriented in the direction of maximum dispersion.
calc_sde(id=1, filename="SDE_Output.txt", centre.xy=NULL, calccentre=TRUE, weighted=FALSE, weights=NULL, CMD.npts=10000, points=activities, verbose=FALSE)
id |
A unique integer to identify the shape |
filename |
A string indicating the ASCII textfile where shape coordinates will be written |
centre.xy |
A vector of length 2, containing the x- and y-coordinates of the SDE centre (Planar Coordinates Only!) |
calccentre |
Boolean: Set to TRUE if the mean center is to be calculated |
weighted |
Boolean: Set to TRUE if the weighted mean center is to be computed with weighted coordinates |
weights |
Weights applied to point observations, number of weights should equal the number of observations |
CMD.npts |
The approximate number of points to generate for the centre of minimum distance (CMD) calculation |
points |
A 2-column matrix or data frame containing point coordinates |
verbose |
Boolean: Set to TRUE if extensive feedback is desired on the standard output |
This function is most powerful when used repetitively within a loop to compute the SDE for subsets of points stored in a large data table.
The returned result is a list:
id |
Identifier for the SDE shape - it should be unique |
calccentre |
Boolean: TRUE if mean centre is computed |
weighted |
Boolean: TRUE if the weighted mean centre is to be used instead |
CENTRE.x |
X-coordinate of the centre |
CENTRE.y |
Y-coordinate of the centre |
Sigma.x |
Half-length of axis along x-axis |
Sigma.y |
Half-length of axis along y-axis |
Major |
String indicating which axis is the major elliptical axis |
Minor |
String indicating which axis is the minor elliptical axis |
Theta |
Rotation angle in degrees |
Eccentricity |
A measure of eccentricity (i.e., the flatness of the ellipse) |
Area.sde |
Area of the SDE |
TanTheta |
Trigonometric result |
SinTheta |
Trigonometric result |
CosTheta |
Trigonometric result |
SinThetaCosTheta |
Trigonometric result |
Sin2Theta |
Trigonometric result |
Cos2Theta |
Trigonometric result |
ThetaCorr |
Corrected theta angle for rotation of major axis from north |
central.x |
X-coordinate of the identified central feature |
central.y |
Y-coordinate of the identified central feature |
median.x |
X-coordinate of median centre, median value of the X-coordinate vector |
median.y |
Y-coordinate of median centre, median value of the Y-coordinate vector |
CMD.x |
X-coordinate of estimated centre of minimum distance |
CMD.y |
Y-coordinate of estimated centre of minimum distance |
Results are stored in the r.SDE object (required for graphical visualization using plot_sde). This function can be used on its own (once) or repetitively in a loop to process grouped point data stored in a larger table. When used repetitively, be sure to increment the id parameter to ensure that each SDE has a unique identifier. The output ASCII coordinate file can be further processed using the makeshapes function to generate an ESRI Shapefile for SDE polygons.
Randy Bui, Ron N. Buliung, Tarmo K. Remmel
See chapter 4 of the documentation manual for CrimeStat at http://www.icpsr.umich.edu/CRIMESTAT/ and Ebdon, D. 1987. Statistics in geography. 2nd edition. New York, NY Basil Blackwell Ltd. 232 p.
plot_sde
, calc_sdd
,
calc_mcp
, calc_box
makeshapes
, mcp
,
gridpts
, ellipse3
calc_sde(id=1, filename="SDE_Output.txt", centre.xy=NULL, calccentre=TRUE, weighted=FALSE, weights=NULL, CMD.npts=10000, points=activities, verbose=TRUE)