Leaves {YaleToolkit}R Documentation

Morphological descriptions of leaf floras

Description

Measurements of the percentages of leaves in 31 morphological (or architectural) categories found in 245 leaf floras from 4 studies.

Usage

data(Leaves)

Format

A data frame with 245 observations on the following 33 variables.

Lobd
a numeric vector giving percentage Lobed leaves
Entr
a numeric vector giving percentage Entire leaves
TReg
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with Regular Teeth
TCls
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with Close Teeth
TRnd
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with Round Teeth
TAcu
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves Acute Teeth
TCmp
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with Compound Teeth
ZNan
a numeric vector giving percentage Nanophyll leaves
ZLe1
a numeric vector giving percentage Leptophyll1 leaves
ZLe2
a numeric vector giving percentage Leptophyll2 leaves
ZMi1
a numeric vector giving percentage Microphyll1 leaves
ZMi2
a numeric vector giving percentage Microphyll2 leaves
ZMi3
a numeric vector giving percentage Microphyll3 leaves
ZMe1
a numeric vector giving percentage Megaphyll1 leaves
ZMe2
a numeric vector giving percentage Megaphyll2 leaves
ZMe3
a numeric vector giving percentage Megaphyll3 leaves
AEmg
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with Emarginate Apexes
ARnd
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with Round Apexes
AAcu
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with Acute Apexes
AAtn
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with Attenuate Apexes
BCor
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with Cordate Bases
BRnd
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with Round Bases
BAcu
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with Acute Bases
Rlt1
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with aspect ratio less than 1:1 (i.e. wider than long)
Rb12
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with aspect ratio between 1:1 and 1:2
Rb23
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with aspect ratio between 1:2 and 1:3
Rb34
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with aspect ratio between 1:3 and 1:4
Rgt4
a numeric vector giving percentage leaves with aspect ratio between greater than 1:4
SObo
a numeric vector giving percentage Obovate leaves
SElp
a numeric vector giving percentage Elliptical leaves
SOvt
a numeric vector giving percentage Ovate leaves
MAT
a numeric vector giving mean annual temperature in degrees Centigrade
Study
a factor with levels Wolfe173 Jacobs Gregory Kowalski

Details

Data consists of a data frame with 245 rows and 33 columns (variables). The rows represent floras (collections of plants from a defined locality); the first 31 variables are percentages of leaves in each flora in each of 31 morphological categories; the 32nd variable is mean annual temperature of the area from which the floras was collected in degrees C, and the 32nd is a factor indicating which of 4 published studies the floras come from. See cited publications for more details.

Source

Green, W. A. (2006) Loosening the CLAMP: An exploratory graphical approach to the Climate Leaf Analysis Multivariate Program {it Palaeontologia Electronica} 9(2):9A.

<http://www.palaeo-electronica.org/2006_2/clamp/index.html>

<http://www.open.ac.uk/earth-research/spicer/CLAMP/Physg3ar.xls> (the climatic variables)

<http://www.open.ac.uk/earth-research/spicer/CLAMP/MET3AR.xls> (the morphological leaf scores)

References

Gregory-Wodzicki, K. M. (2000) Relationships between leaf morphology and climate, Bolivia: implications for estimating paleoclimate from fossil floras. {it Paleobiology} 26(4):668–688.

Jacobs, B. F. (1999) Estimation of rainfall variables from leaf characters in tropical Africa. {it Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology} 145:231–250.

Jacobs, B. F. (2002) Estimation of low-latitude paleoclimates using fossil angiosperm leaves: examples from the Miocene Tugen Hills, Kenya. {it Paleobiology} 28(3):399–421.

Kowalski, E. A. (2002) Mean annual temperature estimation base on leaf morphology: a test from tropical South America. {it Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology} 188:141–165.

Wolfe, J.A., (1993), A method of obtaining climatic parameters from leaf assemblages. {it U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin} 2040, 73 pp.

Examples

data(Leaves)
## maybe str(Leaves) ; plot(Leaves) ...

[Package YaleToolkit version 3.1 Index]