dnearneigh {spdep}R Documentation

Neighbourhood contiguity by distance

Description

The function identifies neighbours of region points by Euclidean distance between lower (greater than) and upper (less than or equal to) bounds, or with longlat = TRUE, by Great Circle distance in kilometers.

Usage

dnearneigh(x, d1, d2, row.names = NULL, longlat = NULL)

Arguments

x matrix of point coordinates or a SpatialPoints object
d1 lower distance bound
d2 upper distance bound
row.names character vector of region ids to be added to the neighbours list as attribute region.id, default seq(1, nrow(x))
longlat TRUE if point coordinates are longitude-latitude decimal degrees, in which case distances are measured in kilometers; if x is a SpatialPoints object, the value is taken from the object itself

Value

The function returns a list of integer vectors giving the region id numbers for neighbours satisfying the distance criteria.

Author(s)

Roger Bivand Roger.Bivand@nhh.no

See Also

knearneigh

Examples

example(columbus)
coords <- coordinates(columbus)
rn <- sapply(slot(columbus, "polygons"), function(x) slot(x, "ID"))
k1 <- knn2nb(knearneigh(coords))
all.linked <- max(unlist(nbdists(k1, coords)))
col.nb.0.all <- dnearneigh(coords, 0, all.linked, row.names=rn)
summary(col.nb.0.all, coords)
plot(columbus, border="grey")
plot(col.nb.0.all, coords, add=TRUE)
title(main=paste("Distance based neighbours 0-",  format(all.linked),
 " distance units", sep=""))
data(state)
us48.fipsno <- read.geoda(system.file("etc/weights/us48.txt",
 package="spdep")[1])
if (as.numeric(paste(version$major, version$minor, sep="")) < 19) {
 m50.48 <- match(us48.fipsno$"State.name", state.name)
} else {
 m50.48 <- match(us48.fipsno$"State_name", state.name)
}
xy <- as.matrix(as.data.frame(state.center))[m50.48,]
llk1 <- knn2nb(knearneigh(xy, k=1, longlat=FALSE))
all.linked <- max(unlist(nbdists(llk1, xy, longlat=FALSE)))
ll.nb <- dnearneigh(xy, 0, all.linked, longlat=FALSE)
summary(ll.nb, xy, longlat=TRUE, scale=0.5)
gck1 <- knn2nb(knearneigh(xy, k=1, longlat=TRUE))
all.linked <- max(unlist(nbdists(gck1, xy, longlat=TRUE)))
gc.nb <- dnearneigh(xy, 0, all.linked, longlat=TRUE)
summary(gc.nb, xy, longlat=TRUE, scale=0.5)
plot(ll.nb, xy)
plot(diffnb(ll.nb, gc.nb), xy, add=TRUE, col="red", lty=2)
title(main="Differences between Euclidean and Great Circle neighbours")

xy1 <- SpatialPoints((as.data.frame(state.center))[m50.48,],
  proj4string=CRS("+proj=longlat"))
gck1a <- knn2nb(knearneigh(xy1, k=1))
all.linked <- max(unlist(nbdists(gck1a, xy1)))
gc.nb <- dnearneigh(xy1, 0, all.linked)
summary(gc.nb, xy1, scale=0.5)

[Package spdep version 0.4-34 Index]