rbwheel {robustX}R Documentation

Multivariate Barrow Wheel Distribution Random Vectors

Description

Generate p-dimensional random vectors according to Stahel's Barrow Wheel Distribution.

Usage

rbwheel(n, p, frac = 1/p, sig1 = 0.05, sig2 = 1/10,
        rGood = rnorm,
        rOut = function(n) sqrt(rchisq(n, p - 1)) * sign(runif(n, -1, 1)),
        U1 = rep(1, p),
        scaleAfter = TRUE, scaleBefore = FALSE, spherize = FALSE,
        fullResult = FALSE)

Arguments

n integer, specifying the sample size.
p integer, specifying the dimension (aka number of variables).
frac numeric, the proportion of outliers. The default, 1/p, corresponds to the (asymptotic) breakdown point of M-estimators.
sig1 thickness of the “wheel”, (= σ (good[,1])), a non-negative numeric.
sig2 thickness of the “axis” (compared to 1).
rGood function; the generator for “good” observations.
rOut function, generating the outlier observations.
U1 p-vector to which (1,0,...,0) is rotated.
scaleAfter logical indicating if the matrix is re-scaled after rotation (via scale()).. Default TRUE; note that this used to be false by default in the first public version.
scaleBefore logical indicating if the matrix is re-scaled before rotation (via scale()).
spherize logical indicating if the matrix is to be “spherized”, i.e., rotated and scaled to have empirical covariance I_p. This means that the principal components are used (before rotation).
fullResult logical indicating if in addition to the n x p matrix, some intermediate quantities are returned as well.

Details

....

Value

By default (when fullResult is FALSE), an n x p matrix of n sample vectors of the p dimensional barrow wheel distribution, with an attribute, n1 specifying the exact number of “good” observations, n1 ~= (1-f)*n, f = frac.
If fullResult is TRUE, a list with components

X the n x p matrix of above, X = X0 %*% A, where A <- Qrot(p, u = U1), and X0 is the corresponding matrix before rotation, see below.
X0 .........
A the p x p rotation matrix, see above.
n1 the number of “good” observations, see above.
n2 the number of “outlying” observations, n2 = n - n1.

Author(s)

Werner Stahel and Martin Maechler

References

http://stat.ethz.ch/research/areas/robustness

Examples

set.seed(17)
rX8 <- rbwheel(1000,8, fullResult = TRUE, scaleAfter=FALSE)
with(rX8, stopifnot(all.equal(X, X0 %*% A,    tol = 1e-15),
                    all.equal(X0, X %*% t(A), tol = 1e-15)))
##--> here, don't need to keep X0 (nor A, since that is Qrot(p))

## for n = 100,  you  don't see "it", but may guess .. :
n <- 100
pairs(r <- rbwheel(n,6))
n1 <- attr(r,"n1") ; pairs(r, col=1+((1:n) > n1))

## for n = 500, you *do* see it :
n <- 500
pairs(r <- rbwheel(n,6))
## show explicitly
n1 <- attr(r,"n1") ; pairs(r, col=1+((1:n) > n1))

## but increasing sig2 does help:
pairs(r <- rbwheel(n,6, sig2 = .2))

## show explicitly
n1 <- attr(r,"n1") ; pairs(r, col=1+((1:n) > n1))

set.seed(12)
pairs(X <- rbwheel(n, 7, spherize=TRUE))
colSums(X) # already centered

if(require("ICS")) {
  # ICS: Compare M-estimate [Max.Lik. of t_{df = 2}] with high-breakdown :
  stopifnot(require("MASS"))
  X.paM <- ics(X, S1 = cov, S2 = function(.) cov.trob(., nu=2)$cov, stdKurt = FALSE)
  X.paM.<- ics(X, S1 = cov, S2 = function(.) tM(., df=2)$V, stdKurt = FALSE)
  X.paR <- ics(X, S1 = cov, S2 = function(.) covMcd(.)$cov, stdKurt = FALSE)
  plot(X.paM) # not at all clear
  plot(X.paM.)# ditto
  plot(X.paR)# very clear
}
## Similar such experiments --->  demo(rbwheel)

[Package robustX version 1.1-2 Index]